Varicose veins of the lower limbs – chronic pathology, which is characterized by thinning of the vein walls, increase of vascular gaps and the formation of a complicated extension.
The disease is diagnosed in 15-17% of the adult population. In adulthood, the disease more frequently diagnosed in women, which is related to the hormone replacement realignment the body (menopause, pregnancy, menstruation).
Varicose veins are veins in the legs manifests itself extensive the clinic. Patients complain on the weight and discomfort in the legs, fatigue, swelling of the ankle, the convulsions during the night, projecting the blue veins. During the pathology with the lack of appropriate treatment leads to various complications.
Causes and risk factors for varicose veins of the lower limbs
Varicose veins of the lower limbs in the majority of the patterns is the result of genetic predisposition. A direct cause: the immaturity of the valves of the veins and the underdevelopment connective tissue item vessels. This results in an increase of the load within the blood vessels and cause varicose veins.
The etiology is due to defects in factors that are related to hypercoagulation high blood coagulation. In the midst of the violation if form blood clots, which violates the full circulation in the legs, leading to the pathological expansion of veins in the gaps.
The main cause of the development of the disease in women – hormonal failure. It is based on the change in the concentration of sex hormones in the blood. Is associated with the onset of menopause and pregnancy.
Causes varicose veins the legs:
- The excess of weight. Obesity has a mechanical impact on the walls of the venous leg, especially expressed this manifests itself in the middle of the abdominal type. As a result, the patient increases the venous pressure;
- Diabetes mellitus. Due to the complex disturbances of metabolic processes related to continuously elevated blood sugar with the relative insulin deficiency may occur reduction in the elasticity venous wall with the future of its extension;
- The alcohol dependence. When the alcoholism, the body does not have the fluid, the blood becomes thicker, which leads to interruption of the blood circulation;
- Professionals of factors (the constant presence in the vertical position, the excess of physical effort, physical inactivity);
- Wearing a shoe that is uncomfortable, for example, high-heeled shoes;
- Heavy pathology of the cardiovascular system, which is manifested by failure of blood circulation.
Lead to varicose veins feet can chronic pathology genital. In particular, the inflammation of the prostate in men and appendices that women.
The mechanism for the development of the disease is based on the involvement in the inflammatory process minimum of the veins, which leads to swelling and difficulty of disposal.
The signs and symptoms of varicose veins, disease of
Varicose veins are veins of the legs is manifested by a variety of symptoms. Let's start with the external changes. Thus, the more a clear sign that gives testimony about the occurrence of the disease, is the conversion of contour and shape the hypodermic blood vessels of the feet. Manifests itself by swelling, nodular thickening. Vessels become dark in color, are found veins and stars.
Trophic ulcer on the feet are considered to be two sides. Part clinical relate to the wound with the symptoms of other complications of the pathology, the observer about the recent execution of a stage of a disease process.
Rating varicose veins feet
Varicose veins of the legs most often diagnose of mature women that the men in this age. At a young age, the disease of the young men and the young women and manifests with the same frequency. According to the classification of the disease is primary and secondary nature. In the first case, the pathological changes touch the surface of the blood vessels. The violation of the construction and of the deep structure of the blood vessels that are missing.
Secondary varicose veins is a complications of diseases of deep veins and, consequently, are observed negative changes in the surface of the legs. This framework manifests itself in the context of congenital diseases venous system, and also as a consequence of phlebothrombosis.
It is also a disease classified in the clinical form. These include varicose veins side vessels to the legs and thighs, the reticular form, and varicose telangiectasia. Consider these ways read more:
- Varicose veins lateral veins is how to leave me the disease, and in combination with other pathologies. Reverse the venous reflux of the liquid occurs in a deep vein with the hypodermic, and around blood vessels.
- Net (reticular form) manifests itself as the newspaper, the pathology. Does not lead to venous insufficiency, exclusively represents a cosmetic defect.
- Varicose telangiectasia are also a defect.
In recent years, surgeons include the venous insufficiency, idiopathic form. It is characterized by an increase in venous weak, with express the reasons of such a violation, it is not possible to find. The clinical manifestations of the pathology, is not different from the classic clinic.
The stage and the degree of the varicose veins
Varicose veins are veins on the leg varies according to the phase and degree. To establish these take into account the clinical, patient. The chronic disease is of several stages, which have some differences:
| The phase | Matter |
| Payment | Pain that is caused weakly expressed or not. Patients complain of discomfort of the feet due to a long date. Observed the presence of vascular veins on the skin, periodically, manifested by swelling in the ankle, hurries after the rest. |
| Subcompensation | When visual inspection of the lower limbs of the patient are seen in vienna, with pathological lumen. Patients have many complaints. In particular, they complain of constant pain, arching nature, increased fatigue, weight in feet. In the evening, often occur spasms of the muscles, "running goose bumps" on the skin. Swelling can occur after a night of sleep in 90% of cases is leveled by itself. |
| Decompensation | Is the heavier phase, the varicose veins. To manifest the changes of the side of the cover of the skin. It becomes excessively dry, the hair to fall on his feet. In addition, it reveals the hyperpigmentation, which leads to abnormal thickening of the subcutaneous tissue. Cracks and scratches in the legs heal long period of time, are able to be converted to trophic ulcer. The legs become swollen constantly, the leisure and sleep do not help. Swelling have the property of lifting up their feet. |
When a girl or a guy come to the doctor with complaints procedures symptoms, the doctor performs a visual inspection, assign laboratory tests and diagnostic methods instrumental. Based on the results obtained say on the form, the internship and the degree of pathology.
The degree of the varicose veins feet are certain rooms. Zero (0) – clinic has not been identified, external changes are absent; I – bloating, constant fatigue of the members; II – constant of the swelling, accompanied by hyperpigmentation, aberrant seal of the subcutaneous tissue; III – the pain that is swelling of the feet, trophic ulcer.
The complications of venous insufficiency
Varicose veins – chronic, incurable disease, so the treatment pursues certain goals – to stop the progression and prevent complications. If the treatment is given incorrectly or the patient does not seek the help of a medical specialist, and they develop complications of the disease.
Thrombophlebitis – inflammation of the walls of the veins if you have a blood clot. In the inflammatory process can involve there the blood vessels and soft tissues. Highlight a variety of ways. Is sharp (lasts about 30 days), subacute – duration up to six months and a chronic view.
Migratory thrombophlebitis is rare. It is characterized by an inflammation that occurs in different places of vienna, it passes quickly.
The symptoms include:
- It is visually visible in sharp outline the inflamed vessel.
- Acute pain that is caused, by means of palpation pain becomes stronger.
- Swollen nodules, projecting on the skin.
- The Local elevation of the temperature.
Thrombophlebitis when varicose veins of the feet can lead to other complications. For example, the periphlebitis – inflammation of the tissue surrounding the moist gangrenous limbs, thrombosis of deep veins. When the spread of inflammation are manifested complications, which go beyond the extremities – thrombosis and sepsis.
Deep vein thrombosis – a common complication of varicose veins feet. Pathology characterized by the formation of a dense clot of blood, which is totally partial or obstruct a blood vessel, which violates the full flow. With the complications there is a risk of death because of the separation of a blood clot.
Trophic ulcer appear in severe cases. Many times, joins the infection process, which worsens the clinical picture. The sores can reach not only the fabric, but also the deeper layers – muscles. Heal in the long term. Requires an interdisciplinary treatment.
Varicose eczema is characterized by symptoms:
- Inflammatory hyperpigmentation of the skin of purple or bright red color;
- Are formed microvesículas, that no matter reveal;
- A strong swelling of the feet;
- Itching in the skin, which can occur constantly;
- Crying, which, after drying, covered by a crust;
- Abnormal thickening of the skin.
Varicose eczema can go on a chronic term and, consequently, expresses the hardening cover of the skin and subcutaneous tissue.
When the accession of infection eczema is complicated trophic pests.
The conservative treatment varicose veins feet
Conservative therapy varicose veins include the drug treatment and wearing a compression garment. Mesh compression is a different class of compression and the destination – is for the prevention and treatment of pathology. Socks, socks and socks should pick up a physician taking into account the specific characteristics. Just the right bed gives the desired result.
Prescribe medications. Perfect effective medicine, which influenced all of the pathogenic links of a disease, does not exist. It is recommended the use of the system of medicines – tablets and local funds – gel, conditioners, creams and ointments.
In addition, prescribe a physical therapy treatment – magnetic therapy, electrophoresis; special facility. You can use folk remedies – recipes with medicinal herbs can help to reduce the severity of the symptoms.
Sometimes, it is recommended hirudotherapy – treatment of the infestation of leeches.
The methods of surgical treatment
When the conservative ways to give a small result, the disease progresses, it is recommended that the completion of an operation. Often practiced sclerotherapy. In vienna introducing a special substance, which glue to the struck vessel. With the pass of the time he is replaced by connective tissue.
Ablation by radio frequency. When this intervention is performed "welding" of the blood vessel (the patient) by means of a probe that emits a wave. The probe heats the wall, which leads to a stenosis. After the intervention of some time you want to use mesh compression.
Choose the form of assistance to the patient surgically depends on several criteria. The doctor takes into account the stage of the disease, the well-being of the patient, the presence of chronic, which can become a contra-indication to the achievement of the intervention.
Other types of treatment immediately:
- Phlebectomy – the doctor removes the affected veins and vessels. Through a small puncture the skin and then introduce a tool with a hook, by means of which to remove the vessel. This technique is combined – use surgical intervention and the application of the laser.
- The most effective form of treatment is considered to be a laser coagulation of the veins of the lower limbs. The technique of execution of an operation is carried out with the minimum of cuts and tears. Through a small hole in the skin into a vessel is introduced to more subtle transactions, which emits a wave of a certain frequency. In the area of influence can occur the heating. Wall are converging, that allows you to reverse the problem.
Stripping is done using a small probe, which is entered through a cut-out and glue to the affected part of vienna. Cryostripping – pathological, the vessel is injected into liquid nitrogen, which leads to degradation of the area, monitoring of non-functionality.
Prevention
Prevention activities are of great importance. Forecast favorable depends not only on the correct assignments doctor and carried out the treatment, but the patient – it is he who needs to change his style of life, following strictly the recommendations phlebologist.
Thus, the necessity of constantly wearing a compression garment or bandaging limbs elastic bandage. According to the feedback of the patients, the first option is more convenient for you. Even after surgical intervention is necessary the constant physical activity, but without overloading the body.
During sleep, it is recommended feet to give exalted position. For this, members have a cushion or collapsed to the blanket. If the work is related to the constant or permanent seat, every 60 to 80 minutes, you should do a little exercise to boost the circulation of blood in the body.
Women should stop wearing high-heeled shoes. Maximum height of the jump shall be 5 cm. All patients must choose comfortable shoes, fold clothes, which puts pressure on the members.
Varicose veins in the legs – a serious disease that requires a versatile approach in treatment. Only a global effect, that is included in one of medications, compression garment, nursing, physical therapy, motor activities training and correct eating will lead to a positive outcome and reception of remission.