Varicose veins of the lower limbs is a chronic disease, varicose veins, characterized thinning of their walls, the extension of the lumen, and also the formation of aneurysm-sicut us. Most often varicose veins reaches the lower limbs; it is one of the most common pathologies – she suffers about 40% of women and 20% men.
Causes and risk factors
Through the veins of the lower limbs, the blood flows upward, that is, she has to overcome the force of gravity. This current is provided pressure located side-by-side with the veins and tendons in the residual blood pressure. The movement of the blood through the veins of the lower limbs contributes to the "muscle pump": to the extent that the muscles of the legs are reduced and squeeze of vienna, placebat ei pulsare as well, is in the blood to above, as a reverse current prevent the venous valves.
The weakness in the muscle layer of the walls of venous and insufficiency of the valve apparatus becomes the reason, that, under the influence of the action "muscle pump" the blood begins to flow in the opposite direction, namely, down. This results in increased pressure on the walls of the blood vessels, the more the progression of the insufficiency of valves of expansion of the lumen of the vein and the formation of nodes. The muscle fibers of the vein wall is atrophied, stopped the work of receptors nerve that regulate the venous tonus, which, in turn, reinforces even more the manifestation of venous insufficiency.
Risk factors for the development of varicose veins disease of lower limbs:
- hereditary predisposition;
- pregnancy;
- obesity;
- journal of long-stay in a sitting position or standing;
- the activities associated with the elevation of the weight;
- systematic wearing tight clothing, corsets;
- poor nutrition with lack of content in the diet of dietary fiber and vitamins;
- violation of hormonal status.
In the prevention of varicose veins, disease, considerable role is assigned to an asset class: sport (swimming, cycling, gymnastics), dance, walks in the surroundings and t. p.
Forms of the disease
Based on the characteristics of clinical manifestations, notably the following forms of varicose veins of the lower limbs:
- parttary defeat VNUtreconyx and vein with the lack of return of blood circulation;
- parttary defeat of the veins of the lower limbs, accompanied by pathological blood stream;
- common the defeat of vessels with a current of blood in the supercial veins;
- common the defeat of the blood vessels, accompanied by pathological relief from the blood by a system of deep veins.
The stage of the disease
In the year 2000, the Russian phlebologists was adopted the classification of varicose veins, disease of the lower limbs, taking into account the form of the disease, the degree of venous insufficiency, the presence or absence of complications. According to her, there are three stage of varicose disease of lower limbs:
- The stage of payment. The patients have no complaint. To carry out the inspection in one or both feet uncovered surface located advanced of vienna.
- The phase SUBCOMpanscii. The patients complain about the seizures, disturbances skin sensitivity (paresthesia) in the legs, sensation of flatulence. At night, many times, can be swelling the legs, ankles and feet, disappearing after a night's sleep. During the inspection of the feet well marked advanced varicose veins.
- The phase of decompensation. The above-described, characterized join eczema, dermatitis. Pigmented skin with blemishes, dry, glossy, firmly connected with the fabric fibers.
The symptoms
Clinical picture is varicose veins disease of lower limbs in a certain stage of the disease. Thus, when the offset phase is to the single symptom of venous insufficiency – the appearance of the feet of spider veins (telangiectasias).
The transition of the disease in subcompensated stage is accompanied by the emergence of leg pain, swelling to stop and ankles, cramps in calf muscles. After a rest in the horizontal position, these symptoms disappear with time.
The more brilliant the clinical presentation of varicose veins of the lower limbs, manifesting DekompTserovani stage of the disease. Pain in the legs become permanent. The patients complain of itching of the skin, which is reinforced in the night, and the night. With time, appear dermatitis, eczema, ttrudnozazivate trophic ulcer. In the call phase, there are symptoms common: dizziness, decrease in blood pressure. They are related to the deponerownim extended venous network of the foot of large amounts of blood.
Complication of varicose veins, the disease is phlebitis, thrombophlebitis, hemorrhage, varicose nodes, trophic ulcer, pulmonary embolism.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of varicose veins, disease of the lower limbs, is not a problem. It is made based on clinical signs characteristic of the disease and data purpose of the inspection.
To assess the manifestations of the violations of hemodynamics apply tools, methods of diagnosis:
- Doppler ultrasound of the veins of the lower limbs;
- duplex angioscanning;
- rheovasography of the veins of the lower limbs.
Treatment
In the treatment of varicose veins, disease of the lower limbs by readings, apply the following methods or a combination of them:
- conservative therapy;
- sclerosing therapy;
- surgical intervention.
Conservative therapy of varicose veins, disease of the lower limbs can be recommended to patients in the early stages of the disease, the goal is to prevent the progression of chronic venous insufficiency. It also applies when subcompensated and DekompTserovani the early stages of the disease in the period of preparation of the patient for its operation or intervention in cases of use of other methods is counter-indicated. Conservative therapy of the varicose veins is based on the application of phlebotonics, wearing compression mesh fabrics. In addition, patients are advised to practice regular healing, physical exercise, avoid long static loads.
When varicose expansion of the veins of the lower limbs, it is not complicated to considerable difficulties of hemodynamics, can be used whompResina scleratEPApia. The essence of the method is administered in the vein of the affected drug that causes the spasm. After that, the pace wear compression sock, or perform bintSC feet elastic bandage, which allows for the support of the wall of vienna, dormientes state. After a few days begins the process of gluing the walls of the veins. Mesh compression should be used after scleratEPApAI not less than a month and a half, until the time in education between the walls of the vein enough dense adhesions.
In stages of varicose veins disease of the lower limbs, the most efficient method – surgical. The operating methods technical are selected based on the stage of the disease, its form, characteristics, hemodynamic violations:
- laser coagulation;
- the coagulation;
- miniphlebectomy;
- hlebectомia.
Possible complications and side effects
Complications of varicose veins, the disease can develop mainly in the phase of decompensation. These include:
- phlebitis (inflammation extended vienna);
- thrombophlebitis (inflammation of vein with formation in its lumen, clots blood);
- the bleeding of varicose sites;
- trophic ulcer;
- pulmonary embolism (with pe).
Most often varicose veins reaches the lower limbs; it is one of the most common pathologies – she suffers about 40% of women and 20% men.
Forecast
The forecast of varicose veins, disease of the lower limbs, when timely treatment favorable.
Prevention
With the aim of preventing varicose veins, disease of the lower limbs should avoid long static loads. If the job requires a long period of permanence in the position of standing or sitting, should be done periodically in intervals of one small gym or at least walk. After a day of work it is recommended to lie down, giving the feet a horizontal or exalted position.
In the prevention of varicose veins, disease, considerable role is assigned to an asset class: sport (swimming, cycling, gymnastics), dance, walks in the surroundings and t. p.